Evaluating STEM in Public Schools: A Parent & District Guide

How Much Homework Should You Expect in Public School?

Homework is a perennial concern for parents, students, and educators alike: too little and students may not get enough practice, too much and stress, burnout, or disengagement can follow. In 2025, the discussion continues—tempered by new research, evolving pedagogical strategies, and a growing focus on student well-being. In this article, we examine evidence-based guidelines, real-world patterns, and practical tips to help set realistic expectations for homework in public school settings.

Why Homework? Goals, Evidence, and Caveats

Homework is intended to reinforce classroom learning, build study skills, and foster independent learning habits. In practice, the benefits of homework vary significantly across age levels and assignment quality.

• The “10-minute rule”, endorsed by the National PTA and the National Education Association (NEA), suggests assigning 10 minutes of homework per grade level (e.g. 20 minutes for 2nd grade, up to 120 minutes for 12th grade) as a reasonable upper bound (NEA).

• A review of decades of studies found that in high school, 1½ to 2½ hours per night may yield positive returns; beyond that, additional time shows diminishing academic gains and heightened stress (Reading Rockets).

• For elementary grades, research suggests minimal academic gains, with stronger benefits emerging in middle and high school (Edutopia).

These guidelines are useful, but they must be adapted to the

Financial Aid & Hidden Costs in Public Schools: What Parents Should Budget For

Public schools in the United States are often seen as “free” because they do not charge tuition. However, parents quickly learn that sending a child to public school involves more than just showing up on the first day with a backpack. From activity fees to technology charges, hidden costs in public schools can add up significantly over the course of a year.

Fortunately, financial aid in public schools—while not as widely discussed as in private education—does exist in various forms. Many districts offer waivers, grants, or support programs to help families offset these expenses. For parents, understanding both the hidden costs and available financial aid is key to budgeting effectively for their child’s education.

This article explores the hidden costs of public schools, outlines what parents should plan for, and explains where to find financial aid and support in 2025.

Why Public Schools Aren’t Entirely Free

While public education is funded primarily through local property taxes, state funding, and federal programs, the reality is that school budgets often don’t cover every expense. Districts pass certain costs on to families—sometimes as required fees, other times as optional opportunities that nevertheless enrich a child’s learning experience.

According to the National Retail Federation’s 2024 Back-to-School Spending Report, families spent an average of $890 per student on back-to-school essentials alone. This figure does not include year-round costs like

New York City Schools: Most Segregated in the Nation (2025 Update)

New York City educates more students than any other district in the United States, with over 900,000 children enrolled in public schools. Yet despite its size and diversity, NYC continues to hold a troubling distinction in 2025: it remains the most segregated school system in the nation.

This reality has deep roots in housing, admissions practices, and resource allocation. While policymakers and advocates have pursued reforms, the latest data show that progress has been slow and uneven. For families and educators, understanding how segregation shapes school quality is essential to making informed decisions.

The Numbers: Segregation by the Data

Recent data illustrate how stark the divide remains:

• In 2025, 70% of NYC public schools are considered “intensely segregated,” with student populations composed almost entirely of one racial or ethnic group. (NYC Comptroller’s Office)

• At the city’s specialized high schools, the disparities are especially pronounced. This year, only about 3% of offers went to Black students and 7% to Latino students, despite these groups representing nearly 65% of the overall student body. Asian American students received about 54% of offers, while White students accounted for much of the remainder. (Chalkbeat)

• Enrollment patterns show long-term shifts. Between 2012 and 2022, overall enrollment declined by 12%, but Black student enrollment fell by 32%, a drop that has concentrated poverty and need in some districts.

These figures demonstrate that segregation is not just about who

Texas Schools: Enrollment Skyrockets in 2025

Texas has long been a bellwether for national education trends, and in 2025, its public schools continue to grow and evolve at a remarkable pace. Statewide enrollment remains above 5.5 million students, making Texas the second-largest public education system in the country. But beyond raw numbers, new policies, demographic shifts, and virtual learning options are reshaping how students and families experience education across the state.

This article examines the latest enrollment data, funding changes, and program impacts, offering insights for parents, educators, and policymakers navigating this period of rapid transformation.

Enrollment Growth and Diversity

As of the 2023–24 school year, 5,517,464 students attended Texas public schools. The student body continues to diversify, reflecting broader population trends across the state:

• Hispanic students represent just over 53% of enrollment.

• White students account for roughly 25%, followed by African American students at about 13%, with smaller percentages for Asian, American Indian, and multiracial populations.

• Nearly 62% of students are economically disadvantaged, the highest percentage in state history.

• Almost one in four students is classified as an English Learner, and 14% receive special education services.

These demographic realities shape every facet of Texas education, from curriculum design to teacher recruitment and student support systems.

Policy and Funding in 2025 House Bill 2: A Record Investment

In June 2025, Governor Greg Abbott signed House Bill 2 (HB 2), an $8.5 billion public education package—the largest new investment in Texas schools in over a decade. The bill funds